Agriculture
Van Norden, Warner M. Who’s Who of the Chinese in New York. 1918. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/18002692/.
“Ginseng in the Catskills,” The New York Times. July 14, 1889, https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1889/07/14/106355833.html?pageNumber=8.
Sante, Lucy. Nineteen Reservoirs: On Their Creation and the Promise of Water for New York City, p. 47. The Experiment, LLC: 2022.
Arts & Culture
Li Ling-Ai a.k.a. Gladys by Alfred Eisenstadt. Retrieved from “September 8, 2012 — Fashion Photos Discovered,” Finding Kukan, https://www.nestedeggproductions.com/tag/lee-ya-ching.
“Local News Items of the Week,” The Cobleskill Index. November 13, 1941. Retrieved from https://www.nyshistoricnewspapers.org/.
Chan, Heather. “From Costume to Fashion: Visions of Chinese Modernity in Vogue Magazine, 1892–1943,” Ars Orientalis, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/a/ars/13441566.0047.009/--from-costume-to-fashion-visions-of-chinese-modernity?rgn=main;view=fulltext.
Chinese Porcelain, George Washington’s Mount Vernon, https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/chinese-porcelain.
Missouri Historical Society, https://mohistory.org/collections/item/N39653 and https://mohistory.org/collections/item/N40018.
Gilboa Monitor, May 5, 1904. Retrieved from New York Historic Newspapers, https://www.nyshistoricnewspapers.org/.
Roxbury World’s Fair postcard. Retrieved from https://www.ebay.com/str/walkerspostcards.
Photo of Zhang Jiasen, a correspondent of the Constitution News Service in Germany, when he lived in Berlin (1913) via Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%BC%B5%E5%98%89%E6%A3%AE.jpg.
Smith, Robert Aura. “For a Democratic China,” The New York Times, February 1, 1953. Retrieved from https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1953/02/01/93394524.html?pageNumber=115.
Kroncke, Jedidiah. “Thomas Jefferson, Carsun Chang and A Lost Era of U.S.-China Constitutional Engagement,” Harvard Law School, March 29, 2024. Retrieved from https://hls.harvard.edu/events/thomas-jefferson-carsun-chang-and-a-lost-era-of-u-s-china-constitutional-engagement/.
ENP-China, “Zhang Jiasen,” X-Boorman. Retrieved from https://xboorman.enpchina.eu/biographie/zhang-jiasen/.
Photograph of Ang Lee at the Borscht Belt Film Fest, November 3, 2024. Retrieved from https://www.instagram.com/topshelfjewelry/reel/DB5SRnEREPo/.
Photograph of Ang Lee at the Borscht Belt Film Fest, November 4, 2024. Retrieved from https://www.instagram.com/borschtbeltmuseum/p/DB9CnzYRKh5/?img_index=1.
“Local News Items of the Week,” The Cobleskill Index, October 18, 1945. Retrieved from https://www.nyshistoricnewspapers.org/.
Grace Siu and Phil sitting on a car. Dorothy Siu Collection, City of Los Angeles, El Pueblo Monument. Retrieved from https://tessa2.lapl.org/digital/collection/elpueblo/id/4837.
Interracial Marriage
“Chinese Weds White Woman Three Times,” Syracuse Journal, August 1919.
“Marriage of State College Girl to Chinese Student Is Revealed,” Albany Evening News, January 21, 1927.
“East and West Bridge Racial Gap,” The Knickerbocker Press, January 22, 1927.
“After 17 Years Chinese Weds American Woman,” Ithaca Daily News, July 23, 1912.
“Persistent Chinese Weds White Girl Second Time,” Buffalo Evening News, August 10, 1927.
“Chinese Weds Co-Ed,” Cortland Standard, June 18, 1933.
“Syracuse Girl Is Bride of Chinese,” Watertown Daily Times, February 23, 1924.
Retrieved from Old Fulton New York Postcards, https://fultonhistory.com/.
Recreation & Leisure
Collection of Harvey Abrams. Original caption: Table Talk, Playing mah-jongg in the Catskills, about 1950. The game was introduced in America in the 1920s. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/18/arts/artsspecial/18MAH.html.
Project Mah Jongg, Museum of Jewish Heritage, https://mjhnyc.org/exhibitions/project-mah-jongg/.
C. Brooks, #10: “Chinatown-by-the-Sea” and the Chinese Catskills, https://blogs.baruch.cuny.edu/asianamericanhistorynyc/?p=272.
Cudmore, Dana. Underground Empires: Two Centuries of Exploration, Adventure & Enterprise in New York’s Cave Country. Black Dome Press, 2021.
Pennant image retrieved from https://www.ebay.com/itm/266030582626.
Howe Caverns, https://howecaverns.com/.
Schneider, H. Rose. “Howe Caverns to host sixth and final 'Naked in a Cave' event this September,” Times Union, August 22, 2024. https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/howe-caverns-host-sixth-final-nude-event-naked-19705425.php.
“Barnum & Bailey Greatest Show on Earth. By the Hair of their Heads. These 3 Troupes of Chinese Artists Perform Their Thrilling Aerial Acts.” The Strobridge Lithographing Company (1916). Tibbals Circus Collection. Retrieved from https://emuseum.ringling.org/objects/9143/barnum—bailey-by-the-hair-of-their-heads.
Asia Tableau Christy Bros. Circus photo 1929. Retrieved from https://www.thejumpingfrog.com/product/2230665/Asia-Tableau-Christy-Bros-circus-photo-1929.
Rogers, W. A. , “The Chinese picnic, Iona Island--celestial musicians.” New York, 1883. https://www.loc.gov/item/92521989/.
“The First Chinese Picnic. Sunday-School Children Enjoying Themselves In a Modified Mongolian Style.” The New York Times, June 12, 1883. Retrieved from https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1883/06/12/103435963.html?pageNumber=8.
Steamboat Excursions in the Era of Chinese Exclusion, Hudson River Maritime Museum, October 21, 2020, https://www.hrmm.org/history-blog/steamboat-excursions-in-the-era-of-chinese-exclusion.
Religion
Our Founder, Mahayana Temple. Retrieved from https://en.mahayana.us/our-founder.
New Century Films, https://www.thenewcenturyfilms.com/; https://www.thenewcenturyfilms.com/silverscreendreams.
Annual Party by New Century Films, still retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLdiTUr9t4o.
Chinese Christian Church of Greater Albany, illustration retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=467378768763367&set=a.467378742096703.
Chinese Christian Church of Greater Albany, “How To Prepare for Online Worship,” https://www.cccga.org/en/livestreams/how-to-prepare-for-online-worship/.
Dragon Springs, https://www.dragonsprings.org/our-story/.
Rothfeld, Michael and Hong, Nicole. “Shen Yun’s Longstanding Labor Practices Attract Regulators’ Scrutiny,” The New York Times, November 17, 2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/17/nyregion/shen-yun-child-labor-regulator.html.
“1 Worked with Headhunters,” Mirror Recorder, September 12, 1973.
Crime
Beck, Louis J. New York’s Chinatown. New York: Bohemia, 1898.
“George Appo (1858-1930), New York criminal and son of the “Chinese Devilman” Quimbo Appo.” Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:George_Appo.jpg.
George Appo, Find a Grave. George Appo’s “rogues’ gallery” photograph. Added by Edwin Vargas. Retrieved from https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/36649499/george-appo#view-photo=128080760.
Gilfoyle, Timothy J. A Pickpocket’s Tale: The Underworld of Nineteenth-Century New York . New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2011: 55. Retrieved from https://urbanunderworld.weebly.com/george-appo.html.
George Appo obituary, Poughkeepsie Eagle-News, May 23, 1930. Retrieved from https://www.newspapers.com/article/poughkeepsie-eagle-news-george-appo-obit/140870290/.
Hsiao, Andrew. “The Chinese Syndrome,” The Village Voice, November 2, 1999. https://www.villagevoice.com/the-chinese-syndrome/.
:ee Appo, Find A Grave. Retrieved from https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/113687168/lee-appo.
Photo by State Police. Retrieved from https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/cold-case-who-murdered-the-chen-family-15253571.php.
Pang, Amelia. “Reporting Undercover: Labor Trafficking and the Underground Chinese Restaurant Network,” https://www.ameliapang.com/work#/reporting-undercover/.
Triad (organized crime), Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triad_(organized_crime).
Photographs by William M. Van der Weyde. Irma and Paul Milstein Division of United States History, Local History and Genealogy, The New York Public Library. (1862 - 1963). Retrieved from https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e4-50d2-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 and more.
“Nineteen Lives Lost,” The New York Times, October 25, 1897. Retrieved from https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1897/10/25/102098500.html.
Miscellaneous
https://www.britannica.com/place/Catskill-Mountains.
Chinese American: Exclusion/Inclusion, The New York Historical, https://www.nyhistory.org/exhibitions/chineseamerican.
Chinese Historical & Cultural Project, https://chcp.org/.
Chinese in the Richmond, Chinese Historical Society of America, https://chsa.org/chinese-in-the-richmond/.
Last Updated: June 19, 2025